FED-STD-228A
SECTION 6
DEFINITION OF TERMS
1. DEFINITION
1.1 The following definitions cover general terms.
2. GENERAL TERMS
2.1 Bunched lay. In a bunched lay conductor, the strands are twisted together in the same direction
without regard to geometrical arrangement.
2.2 Carrier. A carrier is the yarn or combination of several yarns laid parallel in the braid by a single
bobbin of the braiding machine.
2.3 Circular mil. A circular mil is a unit of area equal to š/4 or 78.54 percent of a square mil. The cross-
section area of a circle in circular mils is, therefore, equal to the square of its diameter in mils. A circular
inch is equal to 1,000,000 circular mils.
2.4 Completed wire or cable. A completed wire or cable is one on which all manufacturing operations
have been completed and which is offered for inspection.
2.5 Concentric lay. A concentric lay conductor or cable is composed of a central core surrounded by one
or more layers of helically wound strands or insulated conductors. It is optional for the successive layers
to be alternately reversed in direction of lay (true concentric lay) or to be in the same direction
(unidirectional lay).
2.6 Conductor. A conductor is a wire of circular cross section or a group of wires not usually insulated
from one another, suitable for transmitting a single electric current.
2.7 Direction of lay. The direction of lay is the lateral direction, either right-hand or left-hand, in which a
strand or insulated conductor passes over the top as it recedes from an observer looking along the axis of
the conductor or cable.
2.8 Elongation. Elongation is the permanent extension in the gage length of a test specimen, measured
after rupture, and expressed as a percentage of the original gage length. Ultimate elongation is the
extension measured at the moment of rupture and expressed as a percentage of the original gage length.
For example, if a 1-inch gage is marked on an unstretched specimen and the specimen is stretched until
the gage marks are 7 inches apart, elongation is 7-1 inch = 6 inches or 600 percent.
2.9 End. An end is an individual warp yarn.
2.10 Finished conductor. A finished conductor is the metal conductor with insulation and any covering
present before assembling into a complete cable.
2.11 Insulated conductor (insulated wire): An insulated conductor (insulated wire) is a conductor (wire)
surrounded by a layer or layers of non-conducting material (insulation) which isolates the conductor (wire)
from other conducting materials or from ground.
2.12 Insulation. Insulation is non-conducting material used to separate a conducting material from other
conductors or from ground.
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